I don’t think this issue is specific to just atmospheric worlds. From what I’ve seen so far, pretty much all stellar lighting in Odyssey seems to have lost its color.
I took two screenshots in the exact same place and time. One in Odyssey, one in Horizons. In the Horizons shot, the lighting clearly has a warm yellow hue to it. But in Odyssey, it’s just plain white light.
The comparison looks strikingly similar to the difference between Figure 1 and Figure 2 of the OP. My guess is either the trailers were shot using the old Horizons lighting engine, or else there’s some bug preventing colored stellar lighting from showing up in-game entirely.
Either way, this lighting issue seems to go well beyond atmospheric worlds. I plan to visit some blue stars in a few days and take some more comparison shots.