Personally, I'd just be taking things as they come. Actually, this is what I do do.
The most fun I've had in Elite have been 4 individual things... in no particular order...
1. Exploring. Haven't been to beagle point, but I've been way beyond the core and that gave me Elite Explorer. Did it in a pretty basic Asp X.
2. Guardians. A lot of puzzles and searching were great fun, even when not in game - a lot of fun was had in the Canonn threads.
3. Thargoids (before they were confirmed Thargoids). I think this was the best thread of the game by a long way - the UA, the UP - the UP honk - the spectrogram - the puzzles - the unknown settlement - the "map room".
4. Pursuing CGs. (and joining Mobius group for a more realistic environment o7).
First thing in my opinion would be to get an Asp X and treat it to upgrades. You shouldn't really go straight for a Python without experiencing the angry little ASP. Best cockpit view - it's a great ship.
I'd go engineering with it. Flit around gathering materials. Find a system that offers missions to gain materials while also gathering Super-power rep++ and keeps the cash rolling in.
Don't do any of that *exclusively* - it just gets tedious.
Keep it fresh by visiting somewhere like Canonn or Adle's Armada and help them keep on top of the BGS now and again. (I see you do PvE, so I thought these white-knight and Sciencey player factions might appeal to your sense of PvE

)
Choose some CGs to participate in along the way. Perhaps not every week, just ones that appeal to your sense of what your CMDR wants to achieve in the galaxy. Maybe Fed aligned if that's your thing, or maybe the Imp or Indi CGs, whether it be bulk trade, rares (like this week), NPC combat in a Haz Res perhaps - just have a go at one or two for a bit of variety.
If you haven't already done so, get your Asp X around to gather a UA, a UP and do the Thargoid settlement map room in your SRV.
Then after a while, go for a Python. Excellent all-round ship. has pros and cons compared to Asp X. A bit of light engineering and it's a truly brilliant ship. Only thing that lets it down is jump range, but mine now does 25Ly or 21Ly fully loaded with over 200T cargo. Not too shabby.
The next logical step is an Anaconda. The common thread here is that they are all multi-role PvE workhorses and all fun to fly in their own way.
Just keep dipping into CGs, keep dipping into mission running for rep++ and cash, and don't stay fixated on one thing. That's what keeps me engaged and keeps me logging in every week. The ranks will take care of themselves and so will the cash if you just keep having fun with it.
Enjoy
Mark H