As for the screencapping, I wonder if it'd be possible to make an on-the-fly OCR? Ie, without taking a picture (my phone is REALLY slow these days when it comes to taking pics), just hold it up with the camera running and see if it can OCR it directly. Various barcode scanners can do it, but I'm guessing that's mostly because barcodes are designed for scanning and aren't really needing OCR.
I've never played with screencap/OCR before, so no idea how much support Android provides developers here.
The screenshot would come from in-game. Currently F10 (current in-game resolution) or Alt-F10 (Very high resolution)
Edproxy understands when images have been taken and informs AndDiscovered. This is how I currently do the Photo Gallery. The OCR would occur when you are adding a System. There will be a button that says something like "OCR this planet". You then hit "F10" in-game. Edproxy will tell AndDiscovered about the image, AndDiscovered will pull the image, and then the OCR will attempt to read the text off the image.