Many of these things talked about already exist in the game. If you keep mounting bounties for superpower alligned factions, superpowers will start sending assasins and bounty hunters after you. If your bounties are for independent factions you only have problems in their systems. Which makes sense.
There ARE supercops in the game, it's the ATR ships, which are like pvp engineered NPC police ships that kill you in a few seconds. They will come after you if you have high notoriety and insist in doing crime in the system, for example killing system authority vessels to hurt the system holding faction. Or if the normal police ships keep failing and dying. Again it makes sense.
The whole Elite universe is like Earth in the ancient/medieval ages. Once you get away from your area, people don't have any idea or interest about what you have previously done, unless they somehow connect. There IS random murder and looting in every corner that is not properly policed. I mean, try to reach China from Europe in the middle ages, or just the far side of your country. Try to reach California from New York in the Far West era!

I think the system is pretty well implimented overall.