I'm not sure if it's random/luck, down to the name potentially sounding dodgy, a queue for checking or if the type of station makes a difference (but it seems not from what others have said.)
I used ARX to rename my Outpost and it went through immediately. I then used ARX straight afterwards to rename my Coriolis and was given a message saying it will change in around 5 days ( I can't remember the exact times and didn't screenshot it.)
I used ARX to rename my Outpost and it went through immediately. I then used ARX straight afterwards to rename my Coriolis and was given a message saying it will change in around 5 days ( I can't remember the exact times and didn't screenshot it.)