There are many more or less "exploity" ways to get your Elite rank very very fast. Try Robigo sightseeing passenger runs or Road to Riches. You'll probably get there in a few hours with the latter.
It's fast but not THAT fast. Between mining sessions I've been farming G5 manu/data mats from mission rewards at Robigo using pax missions. Almost a week there, every day couple hours, so say ~14 hours so far. (shieldless python with max PAX cabins build)
Started at just barely gained Pioneer rank and now about 75% bar full. Admittedly I've been taking every G5 reward vs raw cash so that slows down progression some as I believe amount of exploration xp you get is tied to the cash reward of the mission. But still, that's almost a week of 2 hours every day, ~14 hours and I'm making great progress by old standards but hardly the 'few hours' you imply.
Also note the regular exploration turn in has been significantly enhanced. Just before while i was ~50% into Ranger, I did the 1k LY trip to unlock Guardian FSD booster. I only stopped to fully scan 1 system where I saw a suspected earth like, and for rest just honked, scanned star, and jumped. Just that honk/jump plus 1 system scan of 1k LY trip on return boosted me from 50% ranger to ~1-2% pioneer.
If I wanted Elite I would be better off just exploration honking and scanning, but the cash/mats + exploration xp at slower rate is great option if you want the cash/mats.