There are no external views where the player is still in control of the ship. There is, however, the "debug camera" (default key: CTRL-ALT-SPACE) which allow the pilot to fly the camera within a relatively small volume outside the ship.
As primarily a first person game with VR at its roots I don't see how third person could ever work.
Give it a third person perspective and you become distanced. i.e dragged from the immersion and thrill of being there.
I have trouble not playing in the rift let alone 3rd person.
But I can see how it would be useful when looking at some of the amazing sites while exploring.
Also taking screenshots with your engines going would be great.
LOL My cat found that for me, trampling on my mouse while trying to get some attention!
Next thing I know I'm looking all over the area and no idea how to get back in control. :]
Figured it out, since, but was a panic moment so I shut game down and rebooted.