I don’t know for sure but I believe that you and your target take the same amount of damage which is related to how long the fight to drag them out of cruise is, if that is right then you will only get little or no damage if your target submits immediatel.
If you are interdicted you take damage if you lose the minigame, but take no damage (plus have faster FSD cooldown) if you submit.
If you are interdicting somebody else, you take damage every time.