TL;DR all the other posts. But I think the answer here was given by a dev. Judder due to many planets is nothing to do with polys (are planets even polys at all? They are way too round - I suspect trickery), but the textures. There are 4 levels of details to the textures and each one is loaded at a specific rate. I recently turned up the resolutions at each LOD and my judder increased. Someone mentioned the workload tweak and that should fix your issues.
Has anyone tested the difference between an SSD drive and a standard drive, is it possible it is a texture load issue. Maybe poor ram optimization. I know even outside the Rift when approaching a planet I get a quick studder, like it's loading textures, sometimes I also get it when I first start ED and jump to my first star, but it becomes less and less prominent the longer I am in the sim, which suggests buffering issues with ram or HDD.