
EDIT: Currently traveling towards it to see if I can get "under" it.
UPDATE #1 @ 16:30:00

UPDATE #2 @ 17:30:00

UPDATE #3 @ 18:30:00

UPDATE #4 @ 19:40:00

UPDATE #5 @ 21:20:00

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Screenshot was taken from way up above Sol in HIP 58882 tens of thousands of light-seconds out from the main star, and the targeted system is the closest system I could find that helps point in the general direction of that blue dot. I noticed it when traveling upwards, and it didn't seem to move much, if at all. I assume it's a planetary nebula, but I've scoured the galaxy map, EDDiscovery, and EDSM for a couple hours now and I'm going mad trying to locate it. Just what the heck is it?
EDIT: Currently traveling towards it to see if I can get "under" it.
If it's what I think it is it's extra-galactic, M31, Andromeda.
Andromeda and Triangulum are to the far right of the screen. What I'm talking about is the small blue dot directly down-right of the system I have selected.
FINAL UPDATE
So as it turns out I've been chasing a galaxy this entire time, the Ursa Minor Dwarf. I didn't think it was a galaxy due to its bright blue color when looking at it from outside the galmap.
Normal space view...
...compared to Galmap view.
After noticing this, I hopped back over to Dr. Kaii's helpful gallery of galaxies thread that I linked in my first reply to this thread and confirmed that I was, indeed, looking at a galaxy.
Valuable lesson learned - study your star charts before heading out to sea. But being this far out, I now have an excuse for another long-term exploration voyage! Yay!