I did a lot of studies on that and I am sure others did too.
Here is what I found:
The Thrustmaster Hotas X is a very affordable HOTAS (Hands On Throttle And Stick) combo although it's build quality and joystick precision MAY possibly be lacking. But for the very low price, this combo can be a nice beginner HOTAS.
The Thrustmaster 16000m is arguably the "best" budget joystick with the highest precision since it uses magnet sensors. It is said to beat any other budget joystick in terms of precision and is even said to be a better stick than, say, you get with the Saitek X52 HOTAS combo.
Of course you have more options, you could even get the best of the best and spend several hundreds on a Thrustmaster Warthog or X52 Pro etc.
The best "budget" combo for me is a Thrustmaster 16000m joystick with a separate CH Pro Throttle, especially if you can get the throttle cheaply used somewhere. Ebay etc. Currently those things are in HIGH demand.... Otherwise the throttle alone would cost you $100 ish new. Sadly, there is basically no alternatives to the Ch Pro throttle EXCEPT if you get the (cheap) Thrustmaster Hotas X combo..but then have to make compromises with the joystick.
Conclusion:
* If you want something very affordable get Thrustmaster Hotas X. You get everything, stick and throttle at a very low price.
* If stick precision is your priority, get Thrustmaster 16000m and separate Ch Pro Throttle,
* If you have the funds, get Thrustmaster Hotas Warthog or possibly X52 Pro. (Not 100% sure about X52 Pro because some people complain about deadzone and say the stick is not much better than the X52 stick)