So here we go for another longer post, this time about habitat design.
So first of the number 1 flaw that i see in most peoples build is terraforming.
To be frank, the flatter your map the more boring your zoo. Using your terrain tools alot before starting to build even your first anything is a big help to get a more interesting layout.
For a small example of that with a habitat, heres one view for my lion habitat.
First of, you directly see the hill for my african savannah and elephant habitat in the back on the left, while you can see both the viewing gallery and the house for the gorillas on the right.
For the lions themself, there are instantly five different levels of elevation at play. In the habitat, youve got 3 layers + the water moat, with the edge of the water where the first 2 lions are, the second layer with 2 enritchment items and the third lioness and another layer at top of the hill, with foliage between each layer.
This creates a far more dynamic view that makes the habitat appear bigger then it actually is as more of it is activly visible, aswell as obstruct the view on the area behind the hill, giving the lions a low stress zone to retreat to for all you non sandbox players.
This central hill structure also has another big strenght, as it helps contain the animals through moats, while the visitors can have rather unresricted viewing opportunitys.
The path here is around the same height as the second layer of the hill, making the visitors both being able to look at the animals at eye level, aswell as the animals not being able to break out.
Its a rather easy pattern of walkway/pathway for the animals, a layer of foliage, next layer of pathway, more foliage etc, with a few eye catcher and break ups inbetween with rocks, tree, bushes and enritchment items.
This also helps to effortleslly seperate habitats for a nice panorama view, as moats can be placed between the habitats, in this case between my meerkats and the lions again. This moat is practically invisible for the visitors, giving another zone to retreat to for your animals, but also means that for them if they look from across the meerkats, which we can quickly check.
And even if this is an older screenshot, it really shows the benefit doesnt it? The lion is standing aproximatly where the tree is in the upper picture and it creates a nice view on not just the meerkats but also the lions and elephants, which activly benefits the meerkat habitat.
This pic also shows an important aspect of a good zoo, dont build isolated habitats.
If a habitat is isolated it needs to stand on its own, which is possible and i also have some of this kind that im very happy with in my current zoo, but if your not working on the border of your zoo, its allways good to think of your habitats as a part of a bigger picture.
And dont just take my word for it.
This is zoo hagenbecks african panorama, looks good doesnt it? Well its infact the first of its kind.
Opend in 1907, Zoo hagenbeck was the worlds first zoo without cages completly seperating the visiors and animals by using different kinds of moats and the entire zoo had a focus on panorama views, with this being the african panorama with flamingos in front, zebras and antelopes in the middle, lions behind them and barbary sheep on the rocks in the back.
Its a rather simple technik but it revolutionised the way real world zoos were build, so i can highly recommend adding them into your build.
But now that you made the layout of your habitat, used moats and custom fences, how do you actually fill it?
First of, should you fill it?
This is the tortoise habitat in my tropical house, looks great doesnt it?
Well this is what the inside looks like
When creating a habitat, ironically whats in it is the least important compared to whats in front and whats behind it. The front is ofcourse your main view for the visitors, giving extra importance to your hopefully custom fences, aswell as the distance between the visitor and the habitat and how you filled it. No distance? A little bit with dirt rocks and grass? Vividly planted like here? And the same goes for the back. Whats your fence? Is there another habitat visible behind it? Are there lots of trees?
This has lots of advantages:
1. Traversable area in this game sadly kinda sucks, so pulling your decorative objects behind or in front makes the habitat look just as good while not hurting the traversable area, making smaller habitats possible for your animals.
2. It streamlines decoration. If you only decorate the fence in the back it will allready look very nice while being very easy, as you just put down a few plants and maybe rocks along the habitat outline, but it will still do the heavy lifting.
3. Decorating the outsides of the habitat while you build will not leave this area undecorated. Sounds obvious but i noticed myself that i tend to do one habitat and then move on to something else, meaning that often if i dont decorate the surroundings during my build i propaply wont do that for a long time, which is a shame as as we have established here, decorating the surroudnings of your habitat is more important than the habitat itself.
The same reasoning applies to the layering structure from above, where the bits between the height layers can be easily decorated while leaving the pathways open, making the habitat appear very lush and spaceous while streamlining the decorating process.
But now that we want to decorate it, how exactly do we do that?
Well first of look at this.
Now look at this
Quite the difference id say, but what did actually change?
Allmost nothing, no elevation, no brushes, not even new rocks. I only added large buffallo grass and some white flowers for contrast.
This is super usefull and was one of the main eye openers to me.
Does it up your piece count by alot? Yes
Is it worth it? Absolutly Yes
For grassy habitats, this is literally all you need. Add a few rocks, trees and bushes for contrast at a few places, add some enrtichment items as points of interests, add a few places for the animals as implied trails with some earthy ground brushes and less vegitation, add faux rocks and periwinkle leafs inbetween to either give a contrast or to strenghten the ground coverages and your good for the most part.
But thats not the only place where literally one plant and faux rocks makes it look much better.
For your wet moats, use waterthyme and faux rocks, maybe a log here and there and suddenly they will look much more lively. Maybe add some more Lilly pads, reeds and cattails and your moats and ponds will look better then ever.
So lets summarize!
1. Elevation is important and the Nr. 1 Thing that differentiates a boring looking zoo from a more interesting one just from the basic layout.
2. Whats before and behind the habitat is more important then in the habitat itself
3. Having a hill structure in the center of your habitat adds visual interests, makes for better views for the visitors, creates stress free zones for the animals and streamlines the decoration process
4. Enritchment items should be used as point of interests for both the animals and visitors as guranteed places where the animals will go, making them great as key points for your habitats
5. Buffallo Grass, the conservation flowers, faux rocks and water thyme make for great general ground coverage and make everything look better
Hope that was helpfull and understandable, happy building ^^