They are blue.
Of course, so are water worlds, and some high metal content planets in orbit of class A stars, so that's very not helpful.
So, let's extend it: they are blue, and have patches of green on them. Water worlds are entirely covered by water (now), while Earth-like worlds have landmasses. Some have only a few small continents, but others can be mostly covered in land and have only a few seas. But
if it's blue and green, then congratulations! You've found one.
Also, Earth-like worlds are a "special" shade of blue. With practice, you'll be able to recognize it.
However, note that the light of different kinds of parent stars will give these colours some hues. Most notably, carbon stars will colour them slightly green (
example, and
another example), while red dwarf stars will give them a red hue (
example).
If after all this, you'd still like to see some examples of how actual Earth-like worlds look in-game, the
ELW list has literally thousands of example screenshots. Look at enough of them, and you will
go mad like I did get a pretty good feel of what they might look like. Should you be in doubt, it's always best to go investigate. Also, there is another way...
New in 2.3: you can now also identify Earth-like worlds based on their hologram icon that shows up when you target them. Previously, they shared the same icon with other types of worlds: now, they only share it with ammonia worlds. You can see all the examples on
this sheet, courtesy of Radio Sidewinder. So if you're unsure about whether or not your target is an ELW, there is now also this method of visual verification. But there's more...