Right, which requires them coding something completely different for the offline section. How much effort and time that will take is possibly what led to the decision.They wouldn't need to simulate 400 billion systems - especially not in offline single player.
The only part they would need to simulate is a bubble around the player, so the system they're in in fine detail and possibly a few immediately adjacent ones in rough detail. That's it. Space is pretty empty, so it really wouldn't take much processing to do.
The current servers don't simulate 400 billion systems. They only simulate the parts where players are. An offline server would intrinsically be doing a lot less, as there would be only one player to worry about.
I know what procedural generation is and it's great for setting initial start conditions for a large arena - but once that has been seeded then you need to continually adjust it otherwise the whole universe will be inherently static outside of your little bubble - f.e. minecraft can procedurally generate infinite worlds - but it only simulates the area immediately surrounding the player. Again you'd need to specifically code something to 'spoof' the dynamic world for the offline mode as a separate codebase to what's being used on the servers...Not sure if you understand what procedural generation is.
You don't have to maintain anything in memory as you can generate any component at any detail level because everything is mathematically bound to a single string or number, called a seed. At any point in time, any process can look at any part of the galaxy and know exactly what is there because of this. Eve is not procedurally generated and requires all of that memory because everything about the universe must be stored individually because it isn't organized by mathematics.
This means that the servers in Elite : Dangerous are doing significantly different tasks than what you think they are. For Elite : Dangerous, the challenge is synchronizing all of the changes being by players and other events. If you are genuinely curious, this is an excellent writeup of what is involved.
Also FYI Eve did use procedural generation at the start in terms of planet/moon distributions amongst the systems (edit: and more besides). I believe I even read somewhere that the seed was '42'
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