Hm, I've always considered "Anarchy" Systems bugged, although I understand the 1984 reference.
Anarchy doesn't mean "no rules, no consequences". It's a place with plenty of rules and regulations, the only difference being : it's massively decentralized and localized
Knowing who is who, what to do and what better not to do in which specific location or situation would be crucial to survival in an Anarchy.
Gotta learn and respect the locals and their respective rules - or pay the price.
Ironically, even uninhabited Systems are incorrectly labeled "Anarchy", which would indicate human presence which doesn't even exist there.
Those should be all "Lawless".
And "Lawless" would be the key to true "freedom from any rules, laws or consequences". The stronger or smarter one wins, easy as that.
Bunda used to be (or is it still?) the only Lawless System I had ever seen in-game, that always catched my eye.
Unsure if we even have a truly "Lawless" Faction archetype in-game, with the sole exception of that former Bunda Controlling Faction maybe.
(or it was simply a bug lol)
PS.
Just for clarification : ELITE isn't a Sandbox, not by a far margin.
It would take at least half a year development to transform the "everything spawns from scratch and out of thin air" Arcade Scripts into a true, fully interconnected Sandbox.
Persistent NPCs, true Supply and Demand, NPC Activities and consequences without any Player watching them, true background simulation of the Galaxy incl. Population changes and organic Expansion into uninhabited Systems. That'd be a long way from here, could possibly require a full code refactoring.
Currently it merely holds a very few isolated Sandbox elements, the BGS being one of them.