The Type 7 is a trading ship with close to none combat abilities. Of course it has crappy hardpoints. It's not a fighter, not a miner, it's just a big, flyable box.
Elite doesn't take you by the hand, and as you already said, you did your research, but I can't really imagine how you got no usable information out of it.
When going from station to station ingame, taking a look at the shipyard would already tell you which hardpoints are available on ships you can buy.
When looking online, the search term "best cheap mining ship" got me places already without specially looking for anything.
No matter how many helpful and user friendly things are being added to the game, it still remains complex with a very steep learning curve, and with one month in you didn't even scratch the surface, which is just normal.
Try this to build your ship without purchasing it:
A ship builder, outfitting and comparison tool for Elite Dangerous
coriolis.io
I'd try an Asp Explorer for mining if you want it cheap. Big doesn't mean it's better for everything, and the T7 just has a lot of space because... it's a freaking trading ship. Not an alrounder, not a combat ship. A trader.
The AspX has enough cargo space, hardpoints and module space to build a nice little miner and can also land on medium pads. Apart from that: stellar jump range and a great ship in any way. If you have the cash and really want to do some serious mining, I'd say go for a Python.