This, exactly!
There is no specific "society" imposing rules in the ED universe but the whole spectrum of forms of society, many of which will wildy contradict each other in terms of rules and norms.
Simply transferring values held dearly in one's real life to a fictional game world and expecting everybody to stick to them is not role playing but in fact the very opposite of it!
The ED universe with its extremely varied societal constructs allows players to take up arbitrarily diverse roles, including the thief, drug trafficker, slavemonger, terrorist and homicidial maniac - to only name of few of the more obvious ones who all, by the way, exist in our real world as well.
If and how people playing these roles will get away with their acts will depend on how "real" societies will actually be implemented in the game. Right now I think it is safe to say that life as a criminal carries almost zero risk even in highly populated Fed systems. I expect this to change.
Sure, but most societies have some basic rules. Like killing for the hell of it. Empire, Alliance, Republic and most of the Independents will frown on that, the anarchy systems and systems with little to no authority.... That's a whole different ballgame.
But that rule is only one. There are others, like what goods you can buy and sell being the other biggie. How you treat salvage. And probably others. The interesting thing is, this isn't me myself who'll frown on Bob killing Frank for no reason other than his cargo and salvage. Your NPC pirate faction might kick you out if your bounty is too high (too much heat!) or the local authorities will swoop in when you try to dock at an affiliated station in a nearby starsystem.
I, the player, won't come to the forums and cry that Frank's a bad man and is behaving mean to people. The game, will take care of that for me. Within certain societies.