I don't know what a virioun is. Is a virus constructed in parts?
General / Off-Topic The Covid vaccine must be mandatory ?
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A virion is a single viral particle capable of infecting cells. It's the complete package, which ends up being mass produced as a result of the virus infecting a cell. It consists of the internal nucleic acid and the outer protein shell protecting it, which also has the necessary stuff on its surface for binding to new cells and invading them.
So the virions can be assembled from different strains. Like one does the shell, one the nucleic acid?
No. The nucleic acid is what contains all the information necessary to replicate the genome and the proteins that encase it. It's the blueprint. Even if what you suggest was to happen, all you would get is a blueprint enclosed in a different envelope to usual, but the blueprint would carry the information for making the original envelope type that blueprint came in in the first place. You can only get something new if the genome changes.
I'm going to stick with the letter analogy here, because I think it works.
Imagine a virus like a scam letter trying to get you into a pyramid scheme. Your friend sent you it. It contains all the instructions for writing letters to recruit ten more friends into the pyramid scheme. The outer shell is the envelope, which the letter also tells you how to fold and seal. You provide the paper and the pen, just as your body provides the raw materials and work to copy the virus. If you get multiple letters at the same time, you follow the instructions from one to write a bunch of copes and send them, and you follow the instructions from the other to write a bunch of copies and send them, each individually. That's your basic virus and how it works.
Now, in the flu example, because that virus, unlike a coronavirus, is segmented, it's like the pyramid scheme letter comes on several pages. You need to put a copy of each page into the envelope, because one explains the get rich quick scam, one explains how to send it to people, one explains how you should phrase it, etc. For the full scam to work it needs a copy of each page inside the envelope. However, if you have two copies of the letter, each from a different source, with a few subtle differences in the spelling and grammar of each page, and drop them on the floor, then you can still assemble a working version of the letter, from the pages available. You just include one of each page, regardless of the source, and send them on their way. The result is a new version of the chain letter, which when someone receives it, they'll copy that version exactly and forward it to their friends as they received it.
What's actually the most concerning though is not the idea of different coronavirus strains hybridising. It's the opposite.
It's the fact that unlike with most diseases where a new strain generally evolves from the prior dominant strain and supplants it, and we see an ongoing evolution along a specific path, as this diagram gives an example of:
What we're seeing with this pandemic is that every single new variant that becomes dominant emerges from a completely unrelated branch of the family tree to the last.
The last common ancestor shared by Alpha and Omicron was sometime in early 2020.
Delta was a completely different lineage which evolved in isolation from Alpha and Omicron, and it seems likely Omicron emerged due to a precursor to Alpha infecting mice, reproducing in them for almost two years, and then jumping species back into humans after acquiring a whole bunch of mutations.
This makes it extremely hard to make predictions like "the next strain will continue to get milder", because we have no way of knowing where the next breakout strain will come from or what characteristics it will have.
It's the fact that unlike with most diseases where a new strain generally evolves from the prior dominant strain and supplants it, and we see an ongoing evolution along a specific path, as this diagram gives an example of:
What we're seeing with this pandemic is that every single new variant that becomes dominant emerges from a completely unrelated branch of the family tree to the last.
The last common ancestor shared by Alpha and Omicron was sometime in early 2020.
Delta was a completely different lineage which evolved in isolation from Alpha and Omicron, and it seems likely Omicron emerged due to a precursor to Alpha infecting mice, reproducing in them for almost two years, and then jumping species back into humans after acquiring a whole bunch of mutations.
This makes it extremely hard to make predictions like "the next strain will continue to get milder", because we have no way of knowing where the next breakout strain will come from or what characteristics it will have.
That is illustrative, but I'm beginner level virologist. I thought a virus infects cell. modifies blueprint. cell produces new blueprint.
The letter analogy now assumes the blueprint is now not uniform but cells have different parts of virus genome strains to assemble new virus things. But that goes against my undersanding of how virus infects cell. Can multiple virae (strains) infect the same cell and 'upload' their code?
So, short version, it's complicated. It all depends on the virus how and where it reproduces.
Here's a quick reference chart from a first year microbiology textbook I had handy on my shelves.
BBC report:
I can't see how this won't impact human immunity at a population level.
It's similar on every continent. After this wave, we cannot predict the course of the pandemic since the majority of humans would have had exposure. Will the pandemic fade away?
Not if a variant emerges from the evolutionary pressure to overcome immune resistance. Therefore, future waves would have to bypass this immunity. What would that mean for vaccinated people? Unknown. However AFTER the Omicron wave, it won't be competing for infectivity. It will be competing on penetration of immunity.
Read the Beijing paper on the ?mouse source of Omicron. Obviously, nobody's doing sequencing on viruses in wild animal reservoirs, so it does offer an explanation for the huge phylogenetic gap between Omicron and the rest. This possibility was raised in the threads here before: after the mink cull in Europe.
If they are correct, we cannot project what characteristics future variants will have. Nobody knows the direction it might be taking in armadilloes, or civets, or tapirs, or antelopes. But that is also true in unsurveiled human populations- like much of Africa. Or uninsured Americans.
This variant could easily have grown for months, mutating in stages, in any human enclave, and only emerge to our discovery after a threshold of infectivity got crossed.
I can't see how this won't impact human immunity at a population level.
It's similar on every continent. After this wave, we cannot predict the course of the pandemic since the majority of humans would have had exposure. Will the pandemic fade away?
Not if a variant emerges from the evolutionary pressure to overcome immune resistance. Therefore, future waves would have to bypass this immunity. What would that mean for vaccinated people? Unknown. However AFTER the Omicron wave, it won't be competing for infectivity. It will be competing on penetration of immunity.
Read the Beijing paper on the ?mouse source of Omicron. Obviously, nobody's doing sequencing on viruses in wild animal reservoirs, so it does offer an explanation for the huge phylogenetic gap between Omicron and the rest. This possibility was raised in the threads here before: after the mink cull in Europe.
If they are correct, we cannot project what characteristics future variants will have. Nobody knows the direction it might be taking in armadilloes, or civets, or tapirs, or antelopes. But that is also true in unsurveiled human populations- like much of Africa. Or uninsured Americans.
This variant could easily have grown for months, mutating in stages, in any human enclave, and only emerge to our discovery after a threshold of infectivity got crossed.
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This "Living with Covid" deal gets worse everyday.
Maybe this will finally get some quarters motivated. 
US-man-claims-his-member-has-shrunk-due-to-rare-covid-side-effect
Unsurprising since vascular damage is a known problem of infection, but finally confirmed I guess.
url clipped due to censored word.
US-man-claims-his-member-has-shrunk-due-to-rare-covid-side-effect
Unsurprising since vascular damage is a known problem of infection, but finally confirmed I guess.
url clipped due to censored word.
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WHO's van der Kerkhove on Deltacron:
So that starts to answer this good question-
It's completely feasible to have multiple versions of RNA running their code in the same cell, just at different ribosomal factories. Under normal circumstances, we have multiple genes doing just that in every cell, all the time.
So that starts to answer this good question-
Yes.
It's completely feasible to have multiple versions of RNA running their code in the same cell, just at different ribosomal factories. Under normal circumstances, we have multiple genes doing just that in every cell, all the time.
There’s some amazing biologically correct animations available!
Here’s one discussed on Ted which shows the dna replication going on right now in your cells!
Source: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=WFCvkkDSfIU&list=PLD0444BD542B4D7D9&index=16
Here’s one discussed on Ted which shows the dna replication going on right now in your cells!
Baricitinib just got WHO approval as a Covid 19 approved medicine.
This medicine is of interest to me for some time.
It blocks a signalling chain reaction called the JAK-STAT pathway, and inhibits the immune system. But it also interferes with gene expression of OCTN1 ( "octane-one" is such a cool name) that codes for a transporter protein in our gut. The gene has sadly been recently renamed to ETT or SLC something something.
OCTN2 gene codes for Carnitine transport protein, which is critical for Covid patient survival. Thank God, Baricitinib leaves that alone. It only messes with octane one.
OCTN1 protein moves a substance into our bloodstream from diet. Arguably, that must be a "vitamin" since we can't make it, and we have a whole transport mechanism to get it. How would we know what it does? Well, it hasn't been studied in detail, but the people who are going to get the deficiency are the ones taking Baricitinib.
Been waiting to see if there's a population that would use the medicine, and also have a limited dietary intake to discover just what we need it for. So ICU folks on ventillators getting the drug would be perfect, as they get blood surveillance 2 times a day or more.
The putative nutrient is called "ergothionine" and we get it from mushrooms. It might be a good idea to stock up on ergothionine levels before they give you this medicine. You won't be getting any mushrooms in your nasogastric feeds.
This medicine is of interest to me for some time.
It blocks a signalling chain reaction called the JAK-STAT pathway, and inhibits the immune system. But it also interferes with gene expression of OCTN1 ( "octane-one" is such a cool name) that codes for a transporter protein in our gut. The gene has sadly been recently renamed to ETT or SLC something something.
OCTN2 gene codes for Carnitine transport protein, which is critical for Covid patient survival. Thank God, Baricitinib leaves that alone. It only messes with octane one.
OCTN1 protein moves a substance into our bloodstream from diet. Arguably, that must be a "vitamin" since we can't make it, and we have a whole transport mechanism to get it. How would we know what it does? Well, it hasn't been studied in detail, but the people who are going to get the deficiency are the ones taking Baricitinib.
Been waiting to see if there's a population that would use the medicine, and also have a limited dietary intake to discover just what we need it for. So ICU folks on ventillators getting the drug would be perfect, as they get blood surveillance 2 times a day or more.
The putative nutrient is called "ergothionine" and we get it from mushrooms. It might be a good idea to stock up on ergothionine levels before they give you this medicine. You won't be getting any mushrooms in your nasogastric feeds.
CDC claims 75% of Covid mortalities had 4 co-morbidity factors.
CDC admits that death due to Covid and death with Covid present have been lumped together previously in the reported numbers.
CDC admits cloth face diapers are worthless against Covid.
Infection rate reporting is primarily more closely related to the testing rate than any actual reflection of the true infection rate changes.
Drug companies haven't yet figured out how to generate huge mandatory profits preventing Fentanyl OD
Maybe it will soon be mandatory to carry Naloxone at all times for everyone - that might do it...
So it goes
Stay healthy
Until the Good Lord calls you home.
CDC admits that death due to Covid and death with Covid present have been lumped together previously in the reported numbers.
CDC admits cloth face diapers are worthless against Covid.
Infection rate reporting is primarily more closely related to the testing rate than any actual reflection of the true infection rate changes.
Fentanyl overdoses killing more Americans than COVID-19
And nobody cares...Drug companies haven't yet figured out how to generate huge mandatory profits preventing Fentanyl OD
Maybe it will soon be mandatory to carry Naloxone at all times for everyone - that might do it...
So it goes
Stay healthy
Until the Good Lord calls you home.
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75% of FULLY VACCINATED Covid deaths.
It's a pretty significant qualifier you missed out there.
That's only true for the 18-45 demographic.
Regardless, Fentanyl isn't contagious. Broader social costs implicit in almost any death or case of addiction not withstanding, a fatal Fentanyl OD is rarely exposing anyone else to appreciable risk. That's generally not the case with communicable airborne pathogens with high R values where everyone that gets infected is highly likely to infect multiple other people, without their knowledge or consent.
Didn't you hear? Cops can have near death experiences just from SEEING something that might possibly turn out to be fentanyl.
Near death experiences maybe, but COVID-19 is still the leading cause of death for law enforcement officers in the US.
Anti-vaxxer’s sad act before Covid death
An Italian anti-vaxxer who tore off his oxygen mask and insisted he did not have the disease while being treated at a hospital, has died of Covid-19.
www.news.com.au
Incredible to think I live in a world where full grown people would rather die than admit they were wrong about something.
Anti-vaxxer’s sad act before Covid death
An Italian anti-vaxxer who tore off his oxygen mask and insisted he did not have the disease while being treated at a hospital, has died of Covid-19.
Incredible to think I live in a world where full grown people would rather die than admit they were wrong about something.
Oh come on, don't you use the internet!? That's every topic ever on every forum.
Running pretty ragged.
Getting sleep in short chunks. Knew this was going to happen, planned to bail, too late now.
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