I don't think fines/bounties are the way to go, especially increasing them to create a league table. I think once you've reached a significant enough bad reputation put a perminent PF bounty on the player, and at some stage even highlight that player to any/all other players too (if only to warn them).
I think the only real punishments that will "hurt" are denying docking and system permits at an ever increasing number of stations.
I do grimace a bit at these sorts of posts. First it actually adds some validity to the notion that mindless toxic destruction is gameplay we even want to consider? Players shouldn't have to jump through hoops to cope with mindless destruction. It should be an exceptional event, not common enough for concern and meaning you have to fly around in ships you really do not want to... comprimising your enjoyment.
Next, the suggestion that you're safe even if you do engineer your Asp, Python or T6 is poppycock. The last thing I attended in the game (before giving up with it) was the community event for the Thargoid reveal. I unfortunately did this in Open to try and enjoy the community aspect of it. Of course, the fact there were loads of players there in typically exploration ships meant soon enough groups of combat ships arrived and proceeded to destroy any/all ships they could. I was literally watching ships being destroyed in a few seconds...
http://i.imgur.com/1rjwj09.jpg?1
The game needs to monitor any/all illegal destruction even in anarchy systems. After enough has happened it needs to warn the CMDR, eg: when coming into stations they get comments about their reputation. If things continue they then start losing access to more and more stations and indeed even stations. They have a permanent bounty on them. They are highlighted to all other CMDRs as a known psycho. etc...
And just as importantly, the game needs to actually start offering/orchestrating some interesting/meaningful PvP, via better mechanics in Powerplay, missions and OPEN CGs. To offer pus CMDRs (interesting in PvP) against each other in interesting scenarions for actual outcomes... After three years why can we not even sign up to CG goals for an Open only CG pitting CMDRs (legally) against each other. eg: Trying to evacuate civilians from stations or settlements, while the other side tries to prevent it... etc...
Note: For some reason there seems to be a backlash against including anarchy systems in this new Karma mechanic. And I cannot understand why. There's nothing magical about these systems, and it makes logical sense, game universe sense and most importantly gameplay sense to include "illegal destruction" in these systems in your karma reputation... Go and seal club explorers at the latest alien ruin site? You'll get penalised! Or is it better it continues to be ignored?