All of those permits you've listed are the ones you gain automatically upon attainiang a certain Federation Navy rank. Getting them is automatic, and not an indication that you should/ought/must go there now. And no, apart from Sol, none of the Federation Navy-locked systems contain anything particularly remarkable.
There are three systems that are likewise locked to Imperial ranks. And there are a couple dozen other systems where the permit is linked to specific minor faction; you need to gain Allied status with that faction in order to get their permit. Alioth (Alioth Independents) and Sirius (Sirius Corporation) are two such permit-locked systems which do contain useful benefits.
You've also got a couple of "special" permits - Founder's World becomes accessable once you attain at least one Elite rating, and there's another system that requires maxing out at CQC.
Finally, of course, are the unobtainable and "Unknown" permits, whcih you can't get no matter how much you want them. At least, no-one's ever figured out how to get them.
For more info on the various permits, what you need to do to gain the permits, and the benefits of gaining the permits, check out
The Permits thread.