Yes, but I don't see how they fit the requirements for an action where "blowing up the competition" is the only way you can stop interference, which is why I specified that carefully in my request for an example. Looking at your previous examples (and apologies if I miss the one exception - it's been a long thread):@Ian: I posted examples above. More than once.
1) Trying to influence the background events - some parameter like "system stability" or "price of trade good X" - I think is only going to be possible (at least to the extent where your actions are definitely having an effect greater than random noise) through coordinated actions of an organised group, because otherwise it would be too easy for one person to accidentally destabilise systems. You'll need to do a lot to get a fairly small effect.
So once you've got a group together to successfully influence that parameter, no-one's going to be able to shift it back again without a similarly-sized group. If they don't have a similarly sized group, you don't need to shoot them - at most they'll slow down your progress a little. If they do have a big enough group to stop you entirely, you aren't going to be able to stop them by fighting them either - either the instance limit kicks in so you don't meet them anyway, or the fight is so costly to both sides you don't actually make any profit from the original manipulation because you're spending so much on repairs, dying, etc.
The only way I can see that a much smaller group (which you could easily take on in a fight if only you could see them) could stop your larger group from influencing the parameter is if the parameter itself has a strong status quo bias to it. But even if that's the case, how do you know who to shoot if it's a smaller PvP group? Your rivals are hardly going to advertise themselves to you, and you can't go around shooting every other player who enters the system on the off-chance that they might be trying to work against you.
Well, okay, I suppose you can. The swarm of bounty hunters this attracts is likely to be a big distraction from whatever it was you were originally trying to do, though.
2) Sides in major events - wars, blockades, etc. This looks different to the previous one, but I think is basically the same. The result of the war is going to be decided by aggregating the results of lots of battles, some of which you participate in, some of which you don't. If it's a popular war, the battles are going to end up spread across several instances anyway, even if we're all in one big PvP group. So let's take the extreme case: your PvP group is fighting on one side, and an inferior PvE group is fighting on the other side. You beat your instance's NPCs convincingly. They beat their instance's NPCs narrowly. Your side wins. Now let's replace them with a PvP group: you end up in the same instance, and beat them narrowly. Your side still wins. Either way, you win the aggregate result by being better than your opponents: you don't need to ever be in the same instance to do that. (Obviously it would be more fun to be fighting other players in the war, but in practice there's going to be PvPers on both sides anyway, so you will)
3) Prospecting. You find a rich asteroid and start mining. A PvEer comes along... If you're still at the asteroid, they won't see the asteroid at all: it's in your instance, not their instance. If you're not still at the asteroid, you couldn't stop them even if they were a PvPer. (same as the convoy, really)
4) Exploration. Frontier haven't said a lot about how exploration is going to work, but from what they've said about the universe, there are going to be tens of thousands of systems which could plausibly be explored at any time. The chance of two players meeting at the same time in the deep space beyond humanity's borders is miniscule anyway. I can see this is a case where shooting someone to guarantee an exclusive discovery might be valuable, but on the other hand, you're several jumps away from the nearest station, and it only takes one lucky hit on your fuel scoops... If they rush back to beat you to this discovery, it'll take them quite some time to return and then go back again. You can scan several more systems and then head home, and make a bigger profit on the trip than they did.
I just don't see any of these as being examples of a situation where you can beat a rival in combat who you couldn't beat anyway without combat.