This is not straightforward to answer. There are basically four types of range for non-passenger missions:
No defined range: donation, mining, fetch cargo - you might be able to get what you need without leaving the system, you might have to travel 22,000 LY for it. Check before you accept.
Short range: all other types, up to 20 LY from source system.
Long range: mostly the same types as short range, but can go a few hundred LY. These tend to go from the edge of the bubble towards the centre of it.
Inter-bubble: Tourism economy only, data courier or theoretically trade, source in bubble, destination in Colonia. (Occasionally the reverse - source in Colonia, destination in bubble - can be found) Destinations are the same as a local long-range mission could have.
In the Colonia region, the long-range ones go from any system, to any system within 11 LY of Colonia itself. In the bubble, the destination regions are more complex and not well-studied, but the principle of outer to inner is the same.
For passenger missions it's slightly different:
Short range: 20 LY again, bulk or VIP.
Tourism: tour of a number of local tourist beacons. Range up to a few hundred LY to each individual beacon, maybe a bit longer for the round trip. VIP only.
Exploration: visit one tourist beacon. Minimum range probably about 500 LY, no maximum range. VIP only.
Inter-bubble: Tourism economy only, same types as short range but the destination is a station in the other bubble.