You logging in outside the station is an intended result of logging inside the station, that everyone can agree on. However, common sense tells me that using this intended feature in the manner that it is being used is not intended by the developers.
I'm assuming that the reason you log back in outside the station is to avoid the awkward scenario where you log back in inside a wall of the station.
Correct - to avoid the re-materialize death because the trade logging doesn't work if you just log out in station, per se. If you logout while docked, you login same place. So players do the launch sequence, hover a few meters above the pad, then log out. This technically means they are actually 'in space', not anchored to the station via dock.
If FD logged the player back into that 'space' where they left, the relative position of that space may actually be inside the wall of the station, and I don't pretend to know what or why the technical block is - but the station movement or orbit or something, can cause the player to collide and die. Whether they may deserve that is another issue, but whatever reason, FD made this function = reappear outside the hyper point of station.
And I see your point, not really arguing that it's a good thing to do, which is why I don't do it. But I can't bring myself to call it an exploit because to be fair and try to understand others don't share my playstyle preference, I've chosen the absolute bare minimum definition of exploit rather than what admittedly becomes lot more complicated 'right' or 'wrong' arguments when you expand that definition
In black and white terms, you're still not going to ever get 100% of any population to agree, but I feel the buy button is good example. If you click buy, and somehow end up with a free item rather than what the screen just said was the cost to buy that item - as close to 100% as we are ever going to get a population of diverse humans will agree that is an exploit because clearly Function X operated in that case as Result Y.
When you start debating more heatedly though is when Function X produced intended Result X + [insert whatever player can min/max to take advantage of here]
It's hard to call this one an exploit because if we do, then it's just a degree of where we draw that line - not necessarily the formula itself.
If everyone agreed all this did was save lets say 0.5 seconds, then people will say - well, the line here is obviously really narrow, useless, doesn't really help much, so who cares. Go ahead and get carpal tunnel logging in and out. They are therefore saying it is not the act itself which is an exploit, but how much one was able to capitalize on it. That becomes a dicey area then because who decides 'how much' is normal min/maxing any player wants to do to some degree, and how much is 'exploit'?
But because the time saving is 1 min+, sometimes as much as 2 min if the station is one of those weird ones where you exit and have to loop backwards across the station in order to jump out on your route - people say that line is now huge and broad, that is a really clear min/max advantage, and therefore it is an 'exploit'
Ideally, FD would figure out a way to modify the logout function so that the new intended function is - logout at station floating in space = same thing as logout at station anchored to dock.