I don't think the Star Citizen project is a scam. It has a lot of parallels with NMS, Theranos, and Fyre Festival, namely very mismanaged and/or falsely marketed to drum up pre-orders/investments/pledges. Although they are often referred to as scams, they weren't.
While NMS managed to eventually fake-it-til-you-make-it successfully (3yr after initial launch), both Fyre Festival and Theranos crashed down hard when it became very apparent they couldn't achieve what they promised. The owners of the latter two were not charged with false-marketing or mismanagement, but with wire fraud.
We will have to see what CIG manage with SC and SQ42 over the coming years.
I´d imagine scam is a very lose term used in many different ways in this context but I suspect all of them probably share the trait of at least meaning some kind of unethical behaviour. Weather that reaches legally actionable status or not is anyone´s guess.
In a normal situation I would usually lean towards the Hanlon (or Occam) Razor idea that suggests we should not attribute to malice what can be explained by incompetence.
The thing is, the pattern of incompetence at CIG (specifically the one related to time and scope estimates, roadmaps and date announcements in general) has been so consistent and for so long that it is quite hard to believe that by now developers/producers as smart as there can be in CIG (I would like to think there are indeed some smart guys in the room) have been unable to learn from it to improve even if just a tiny bit and, at the very least, build preemptively huge safety margins in their time estimates and commitments for delivery. After all this time with no significant change in that behavior pattern I have to conclude that some elements of actual premeditation and deception ("malice") must have crept in and been added to the incompetence mix. Especially if you factor in the financial incentives created by certain date announcements and related video promotion hype.
Ironically the fact Chris Roberts and his team are embarked in what they probably truthfully consider the most revolutionary project in gaming history (from all funding, development and gameplay points of view) probably helps and allows them to go into deception territory more easily than otherwise. They probably firmly believe they are doing all this for the good of gaming and gamers (in addition to the obvious reputation and financial rewards in case of success).
Now that you mentioned it a very similar situation of continuously delayed and protracted delivery that eventually led to elements of deception, all under the umbrella of a very good cause (revolutionizing the blood testing industry), happened in the biotech startup Theranos.
A recent documentary about the story (there are quite a few, even a book, "
Bad Blood", written by one of the investigative reporters in the Wall Street Journal called, John Carreyrou, I strongly recommend btw) called "
Out for Blood" includes the contribution of a behavioral economist called Dan Ariely where he described a psychology experiment that could shed some light on how people justify dishonest behavior to themselves.
I recommend to watch the documentary in full but here is a
tldr for the intervention by Dan Ariely. I suspect something quite similar may be happening at the head of CIG.