Surely it beats being a slave peddler like in the heady days of ABA trading?
The rest of this is directed in general at those who are disatisfied by "looting" in EDO.
Most games that have loot, which is what materials constitute exactly, will provide it as part of the morally sanctioned murder of monsters or "bad guys", like bandits and denizens of chaos or whatever you want to justify it by. I think EDO at least adds more grey to that mix, where we actually get to choose to get loot via being a good guy, a bad guy, a very quiet-slightly-bad guy (seriously, we
finally have proper smuggling and everyone avoids it like the plague because it's "morally wrong"

) , a loud bad guy or a loud good guy, depending on the target settement and what we choose to do in it.
We either have to acknowledge that Anarchy factions are either the "monsters of Elite" (which they're not, that's the Thargoids and I guess that's not going to reward us with Metal Coils either, if we ever get that on foot) or, at least, the bad guys. And I think there's enough of an argument that they're neither. So the alternative is just "let us find loot that's free for looting", otherwise known as scavenging. Which is absolutely in the game, everywhere. Yet, frowned upon.
I don't really know what else Fdev could have done without resorting to literal dungeon crawls with chests and loot, except for just "loot from shooting stuff", which is something I think we should have anyway. But still... people are saying they aren't up for looting from scavenging so what'll make them enjoy looting from killing, whoever the target is (I commonly see distaste for the idea that we loot from inactive settlements... where else should you get it from then?)
If it's at a POI, it's dull, it gets relogged and people hate it. If it's at an active settlement then it's stealing and some people dislike that. If it's at an inactive settlement then it's uh... what is it? Glorified janitor? Ok, so where else then? I just don't see any ideas, I just see people upset about looting. And, I guess, that's an issue given "taking things" is something that's a pretty massive staple of the FPS RPG genre.
The alternative is just "use credits" or "use alternative, cap-limited currency fdev make up instead of credits". What materials are is basically the latter. And we find it in lockers. So I think we should get it for killing stuff too but that's about it. For me, that's the most obvious glaring omission. And I don't see many others here suggesting anything significantly fun sounding in place of "looting".