I'm no astronomic or physic but it sounds odd to mee too. 0.0143 earth masses compressed into a ball with just 1,819 km generates a gravity of just 0.18G but an atmosphere so dense, that it has 12.0000 earth atmospheres pressure?
I have NO idea if this can be correct or not. I have seen similar planets and never really thought to the end if it is even possible or realistic [haha]
It's also maybe possible, that this is the core matter of a gas giant. The gases were blowen away from this K-class star (which are known to be seriously) and only this tiny core is left from the previously mighty gas giant?
Just a thought....
We measure atmospheric pressure basically as a force acting downwards towards the planet surface. It is a measure of the "weight" of the atmosphere in a column above the surface.
That weight or force is made up of two components.
F=ma
Where m mass and a = acceleration due to gravity.
So in the example given we have a comparatively low 'a' (compared to earth). So there must be a LOT of mass that means that there is a very high 'column' of atmosphere... So we have a very thick (as a measurement of size not viscosity) layer of atmosphere on this planet. The atmospheric pressure is at planet surface, clearly it reduced as you gain altitude.
HOWEVER, what you have to remember is that when considering an astonomical body is that the thickness of the atmosphere is determined by two characteristics. Firstly the availability of atmosphere - ie if there isn't enough gas present then the body can't attract it as an atmosphere. Secondly, the body has to have a high enough gravity to attract and retain the atmosphere. This ability to keep hold of the atmosphere would be further disrupted by the proximity of other objects with significant gravity. eg moons. Our own moon pulls significantly at our atmosphere here on earth in the same way it does with the oceans to make tides.
Someone would need to do the maths based on the chemical composition of the atmosphere to establish mass. Calculate gravitational effect on the atmosheric density. and then work out pressure.
It's often the case that when you see these results they can seem counter intuitive compared to our Earth experience, but when you break the maths and physics down you find some extreme cases are very plausible.