No, you don't learn to sucessfully play the game by playing it. You get a tiny little bit of introduction when you create a new commander, and that's it. From there on, there's nothing.
You don't learn anyhing about engineers other than that they exist, and the first one wants something which I don't have (Sulphur? Meta Alloys? I don't remember which.). I have no way to get those, so forget about the engineers.
Powerplay? I still have no idea what that is all about and what the point is.
Items you can get from powerplay? You learn nothing about that.
Famous places like Colonia? You find nothing about any of those in the game. (IIRC, Colonia was mentioned in Galnet news once, but no mentioning where it is and how to get there, and there have been times when there were no news at all. Or it is mentioned in the codex? I found it irrelevant because it's too far away, and I don't remember. But someone mentioned places in this thread I've never heard of before.)
Guardian stuff? You find nothing about that in the game.
Try to go mining. Good luck with that.
Elite history, like CMDR Jamesones crash site and other interesting places and things? There is nothing in the game about it other than the crash site itself, which you will never find. There's 24 hours or so videos about that, outside the game.
Using Neutron Stars to increase jump range? There's nothing in the game about it.
Interdictions? Nothing, and I have never tried to interdict.
Using heat sinks? There's nothing in the game to learn how to use them. (I tried and I couldn't figure it out, and I gave up trying to avoid being scanned because there is just no way to do that. I can't dock that fast.)
If you ever get that far: What are the modifications that engineers can make will actually do? There's nothing in the game except some vague information that gives you more questions than answers, and the relevant numbers all remain hidden.
Need to find a particular material? There's is misleading information in the game indicating where to find some of them and it makes you spend many hours uselessly.
You want to make reasonable amounts of money? There is nothing in the game that would tell you how to do that.
Using the ignore list of the refinery? There is some obscure and entirely unclear information in the game which tells you only that there might be some way to exclude things from being picked up by limpets. I would never have found it if someone hadn't told me, and the stupid referinery plugged up all the time before that, how fun ...
I haven't learned much yet, so the list isn't very long. I don't have a way to make reasonable amounts of money, either.
And everything I have learned about, I have learned /outside/ the game, with one exception: The information about crime and punishment, fines and bounties isn't too bad. Still it would be nicer to get that kind of information as a side note in a quest, for example, as by trying to figure out how to get rid of a fine or a bounty about which you don't even know how you got it in the first place. Reading the codex isn't exactly playing, it's reading, but at least it's in the game, which is good.
You may have fun getting killed in your small ships without escape pods, struggling to pay for the fuel while doing some trade and carrying passengers once you can finally do that. Combat is forbiddingly expensive, so you have to avoid it unless you have done a ridiculous amount of engineering (at least I guess, I haven't made it that far). I don't care about the rank because I am already Elite since about 30 years, and I have been doing the struggle in little ships, desperately trying to get something better, several times now. I like the bigger ships. Maybe it's fun for you, and that's great. But there is no learning, the information just isn't there. It's all outside the game.
Even an unrelated thing like using the headlook mode with a HOTAS can not be learned inside the game. It simply doesn't work, no matter which button you assign. Then someone on this forum finally told me that you have to hold the assigned button and use the rubber thingy on the stick to turn your head. I'd never have learned that. Headlock on the controller is a toggle, so of course, I expect that to be a toggle.
Sure you can learn things by chance, but that's not a good way. You can learn things by trying them out /if they occur to you/, but that requires huge amounts of money, and when you don't like your ships being blown up, especially when you can't have an escape pod, it's no fun. If you don't have that kind of money, it's not even an option.
Now I'm just waiting for someone to tell me that we in fact do have escape pods and I only didn't learn which button I need to press because there is no information about that in the game other than the computer yelling "eject, eject!".
Or is that some kind of revenge of the computer or a bad joke? Like the Daleks yelling "disintegrate, disintegrate" maybe.
Oh and yes, the guy who had his T-9 blown up /was/ playing the game. Or wasn't he?