If you refer back through the source material for the post (sometimes a shame that quotes no longer stack) what happened twice is that I got Wanted/Bounty for shooting a SLF as it spawned from the already scanned and Wanted NPC I was fighting with.
You can believe me or not but it happened, I watched it happen twice.
I had a similar experience last night in a RES, scanned the ships, showed as wanted. Scanned their buddies/others, KWS, all still wanted so proceed to take out the biggest threat (typically wanted fighting eachother as was in a Haz RES). Get reckless weapons discharge notification and a fine, even though there's nobody else around but myself and these two wanted dudes, didn't hit my SLF either.
Shrugged it off as was in combat.
Second time it happened, same instances, except this time I was targeting one of the two wanted guys and noticed I was targeting a different one than the one I let a volley of rails at after I got the fine. Could've sworn I was targeting the one I shot at, but hey. So it seems to be linked also to them not being targeted maybe? Hence you got slapped with it for hitting the SLF.
I had it happen a third time, but again could've sworn I was was targeting my opponent.
In all instances, I'd scanned, then KWS'd the targets, all were wanted and ample time was given after the KWS, the only thing in common was that I'd scanned surrounding ships before switching back to my intended target. I can 100% say that in each instance, no clean or unscanned ships were within range to get tagged.
In all instances I proceeded as planned and got my bounty and no further fines for firing on my intended target.
Naturally I had to find an Interstellar Factors.