Almost.I can't believe nobody has yet posted this: scanning the nav beacon will instantly give you all the commodity data for all the stations in the system, permanently. Meaning at any time, no matter how far away you are, you can open the system map and use the commodity filter to see the prices for each item at each location - exactly what you're asking for.
Pretty sure you get the trade data of any station you've traded with, but I don't trade so take with