1. NPCs are extremely easy to beat, you just need to practice, and yes that's even without engineering and big ships
2. Bottom right of the HUD is the gravity level of the planet, and the ship warns you when approaching high gravity worlds. Make a more careful approach until you become familiar with high gravity mechanics
3. Get better thrusters and learn to use Flight Assist Off, even partial use can significantly improve your maneuvering. To get started in training go to a ring RES site, toggle FAO, and just start practicing rock dodging.
4. Practice makes perfect, park enough times and you'll be able to dock any ship faster than autodock and very reliably.
This covers most of the basics, once learned the only actual threat is other players.