Monarchs are also found in many other parts of the world, including Europe (mostly southern Spain, Portugal, the Azores and the Canary Islands), Australia, New Zealand, many Pacific Islands, including Hawai‘i, Taiwan and the Philippines (Opler and Wright 1999, Neves et al. 2001, Smith et al. 2005). In most cases, it is thought that occasional visitors or vagrants, often blown in by big weather events, eventually became established (Clarke and Zalucki 2004). There are now breeding populations in many of these regions (Zalucki and Clarke 2004, Neves et al. 2001). In the countries of occurrence table for this assessment, these populations are listed as "native" as the species reached these areas naturally. However, the Monarch is generally considered native only in the Americas and the Caribbean, because the host plants utilized elsewhere are non-native, having been introduced in the last several hundred years (Fernández-Haeger et al. 2015, Buden and Tennent 2017). These more recently established populations are not likely to be viable if the non-native host plants are eradicated in these areas. For these reasons, these populations are excluded from the Red List assessment.