Finally, birds of prey.
Now raptors are the main reason why I'm also on the flying birds train. And while I also enjoy and want and need smaller colorful birds, they can be contained by small aviaries and/or mixed in tropical houses and walkthrough exhibits. While raptors, for me, are what beasts and ungulates are for mammal roster. They can command attention on their own, and they need separate, large, dedicated habitats. So immediately to start off, I think essential number of raptors must be large. Not beasts and ungulates large, but almost similar to that, relative to the amount of flying birds we get. So there's gonna be a lot of essentials.
Owls
Let's start with two easy candidates.
Snowy Owl is almost a guaranteed pick, due to it's unique looks and habitat. Also it helps that it isn't exclusively nocturnal. Next,
Eurasian Eagle Owl has extensive range and is huge in size. It's very common in captivity and in wild. An absolute must. Those two are both essential for large owls. Then there's third one, my favorite,
Great Grey Owl. I wanted an excuse to call it essential, but the truth is it doesn't bring nothing new that last two don't. It's similar in size to Eagle Owl and it's has similar range to Snowy Owl. So can't call it
essential, but it's still
fantastic pick. Not only does it look cool, but could also serve as a diversity alternative for either or both of aforementioned ones.
Moving on to more medium owls, I think
Western Barn Owl would be also essential. It isn't that exotic, but solely for that reason it can be mixed and matched with bunch of different themes in zoos. Not to mention that it covers three continents.
For smaller owls, I think
Burrowing Owl is an obvious choice. It's not only really popular, both irl and in communities around the game, but also affords creativity potential in habitat design. One
oddball I would mention is
Eurasian Scops Owl, just because their call brings me back in childhood, and I would love to hear it in game. It would also be a cute filler for Mediterranean areas.
And there's a lot of other different owls, but these are ones important to me, so I'll let others flesh out other continents.
Hawks, Kites and Buzzards
Not gonna lie, Hawks aren't the most inspiring group to me, so I'll single out some unique species. I don't think any hawk is essential.
Gabar Goshawk covers Africa and Arabia, and has pretty plumage.
Black faced-hawk has interesting face markings and lives in tropical South America.
Mantled Hawk could be and equally interesting alternative for Black faced one.
Madagascar harrier-hawk represents unique Madagascar ecosystem, and also stands out in looks department. Kites and Buzzards are even less interesting for me, there are also
no essentials there.
Eagles
Now the main course. These could and should be the second most numerous raptors in game. There's so much iconic species to choose from.
Bald Eagle is the easy slam dunk, national US bird, iconic white head, extensive range.
Essential. Next essential eagle for me is
Steller's Sea Eagle. One of the largest species out there, beautiful color combination. Range all over north pacific coast in Asia, but can also find its way to American continent. It's also very popular in European zoos (or was I haven't been for quite some time) If it wasn't for cultural impact of Bald Eagle, I would say Steller's is number one pick. Next,
Harpy Eagle. Also essential. Whole new continent, whole new biome (compared to what usually comes to mind when you mention eagles). Unique diet. Magnificent feather crown, magnificent size. Now for some European diversity, I would actually pick either
White Tailed Eagle or
Eastern Imperial Eagle over much more favorite
Golden Eagle. I know latter one has much better range, but it's also more duller compared to the first two. Either way, at least one of those three European species is essential.
Those were essentials and now for some
great additions, that could serve to diversify tropical eagle roster:
African Crowned Eagle and
Philippines Crowned Eagle. First one has many pros that Harpy has, but brings the range of African forests. Second one does the same for South-east Asia, but also carries important conservation factor (CR).
And for the end, another
great addition would be
Wedge Tailed Eagle. It's a great addition, but I believe is essential for Aussie players. It's stands out enough with it's dark coloration to stand alongside other brown eagles.
Vultures
Vultures are the reason why I hesitated in asking for eagles to be most numerous. There's so much variety among them, that many can easily acquire essential status.
Let's start with Old World.
Bearded Vulture is the easiest pick for an essential spot. It flies over three continents, it stands out with its looks and it has unique bone diet. It's also very common in zoos. Next one is very similar in range, but very different in looks:
Egyptian Vulture. Visual distinction is my only reason for essential pick, but overlap in range with Bearded carries a lot of bonus points. Now for more classic looking vultures, even tho they look similar I'd say both
Ruppel's and
Eurasian Griffon vultures are essential. Ruppel's is an icon of African savannah and is critically endangered, while Eurasian Griffon offers more flexibility in range and is more common in European zoos.
Those are all essential and now for two great additions I would candidate
Cinereous Vulture and
Red Headed Vulture. Cinereous could be great alternative to Egyptian or Griffon in range, and Red Headed, while more limited, is critically endangered and visually striking.
Now for the New World.
I think both
Condors are easily
essential. While
Andean is larger and more present in zoos worldwide,
Californian has important conservation story, so I say both have strong reasons for spots in game.
So is
King Vulture which would be a fantastic addition to represent tropical vultures. Appearance ranks it high, while range only helps. Haven't seen them a lot in Europe, but that's a minor issue.
Not sure about other great additions and oddballs. Rather I'm not that familiar with New World Vultures. Would love to hear how American players feel about
Turkey Vultures, are they zoo animals, or only pests? They aren't essential for me, but wouldn't mind them in game.
Falcons and Caracaras
About Caracaras I don't know mush, they're exotic enough for me, so at least one could be
essential. Classic
Crested Caracara to be exact. But others looks distinctive enough that I wouldn't complain about one more, but deffo
not essential.
Falcons, I also
don't find as essential zoo animals.
Peregrine Falcon has enough cultural impact to make it into a game, and its range is impressive. I'd say it's a great addition. One fun little
oddball that I find interesting is
Gyrfalcon. It has coloration similar to Snowy Owl and it matches the range. Arctic falcon would be a cool oddball addition to have.
Mousebirds I'm really not familiar with, nor do I remember seeing them in zoos, I guess either way with them.