You can appeal, provide them whatever evidence you can to show you were not cheating. FD are not machines, they are humans, and you might be able to convince them you were not cheating. It all depends on how strong the evidence is they have on you.
If they have video evidence from another player showing you are not taking damage or net logs showing it, you cheated. If you made a jump of 500LY, you cheated. If its a grey area, it looks like you might have cheated, but didn't, then an appeal might work.
Of course, the problem with any anti-cheat system is, there are going to be some flaws.
But what is the alternative? Not to ban anyone?
Oh I hear ye, and agree in the main. But;... The company must be able to produce evidence to the consumer they are banning. Never to the general populace etc, but absolutely to the target consumer.
Many decades ago in the land of MUD development, I was mudlib arch on a mud where we caught someone repetitively performing the exact same actions time after time. We banned the account. A few days later we received a message from another character, who it turned out was the father of the banned account, explaining his son had some 'syndrome' which meant he simply sat at the machine, and performed the same actions over and over again.
We went through the machine logs which were date time stamped, and evaluated that yes, it was quite possible and indeed probable, that he was not in fact a bot. So re-instated the account.
It's all very well throwing out 'oh they'd be within their rights, ToS, EULA' and all that, but at the end of the day, remember we are consumer, and we do in fact, have rights too.
I accept there may be flaws, but in the case, where there is or could be ambiguity, the consumer must be given the benefit of the doubt. And this is even more so, with FDev as their net code is archaic and not fit for purpose. It is incumbent on the company to protect their assets.
Cheating is bad and FDev told us a long time ago, that all ships and their stats were being recorded on servers so they could monitor ships stats, invalid jump ranges etc etc. So why haven't they been able to stamp it out? Were they telling porky pies? in the vain hope that everyone would be too scared?
Anyone cheating to a large extent in any game, knows they may be caught, and are playing the system until they are eventually caught.
o7