I think it's far too late for any change in ED WRT game modes. (as a casual non PvP inclined player) The model I think should have been implemented is one game mode but with Eve Online style high to low/null security systems.
(I've played a little Eve Online, so I'm no expert and may get some of the finer details wrong here..)
In Eve, in high sec, illegal activity is immediately and ruthlessly punished. No matter what you're flying, how well engineered, or how good you are, do something illegal there and you're looking at the rebuy screen almost 100% of the time with very few exceptions. The end result is that you can fly around high sec more or less without concern. You do have to be a little careful on the borders of lower security systems and if you're in a very valuable ship carrying very valuable cargo as then suicide kills can and do happen, with the attackers all being destroyed by system security but where an ally will swoop in to scoop up the spoils. If the spoils > the loss, then it's worthwhile. If not, it doesn't tend to happen. Random "ganking" in high sec just doesn't really happen, even with players whose only goal is PvP, as the losses would quickly bankrupt those players preventing them from continuing.
In lower security systems, where rewards are greater, so are the risks.
What ED needed, IMO, was more of a difference between high and low security in terms of security response but also (importantly) in terms of the possible rewards for players to go there. I think the losses also needed to be meaningful, especially for illegal activity. Once you disincentivize random killing in "safe" spaces, you can crank up both the rewards and losses in the less safe spaces as then it becomes all about how much risk you individually choose to take. Giving you the freedom to play how you want to play, and giving the galaxy and systems a more unique character.