Edit: I should add I don't anticipate a full introduction to mining and mining spec-ships+loadouts (I should prabably start a new thread for that!), but just a few quick pointers for a curious CMDR considering a quick dabble.
There's 2 types of mining you can enjoy.
"Core" mining requires all the new-fangled equipment (abrasion blasters, seismic charges, pulse wave analyzer), as well as the usual prospector limpets and collector limpets and refinery. That's what you need for finding void opals, which only appear in asteroid cores. You must locate the correct asteroids and crack them open for the goods. It's a less relaxing activity, compared to Laser mining, and requires a fair bit of navigating around asteroids and searching and then blasting and collecting. It's more involved, and you have to think about it more.
"Laser" mining is the old style of mining, and you use mining lasers for that, instead of the abrasion blaster/seismic charge/scanner stuff. You still need prospectors, collectors, and a refinery. This type of mining is great for Painite or Low Temp Diamonds, and involves stripping any asteroid with a fair percentage of what you're after. No need to search for cores. It's a more relaxed type of activity, kind of meditative after a while.
Both are fun, and profitable.
The ships you want are different, though.
For core mining you don't need as much cargo space, because each ton is worth more, and because it takes longer to get. For me, a 64 ton capacity is enough (in my Krait MKII it takes me about 2 hours to get 64 tons of stuffs).
For laser mining, you want more cargo space. I generally collect about 200 tons of stuff in 2 hours doing laser mining. So you want a bigger capacity, since the price per ton is less. Even so, it's slightly more profitable (per hour) than core mining, in my experience, but both are excellent.
I don't know how much the prices will change with the next update, but FDEV is changing things. Hopefully it won't be too hard to still find a good place to sell.
Anyway -- ships I've used for core mining are Krait MKII, Krait Phantom, Keelback. These all worked just fine. The Krait MKII had the advantage of a fighter bay and enough hardpoints to still carry weapons, so I could fight off any pirates. That became my default core mining ship.
For laser mining I've used the Anaconda and the Cutter. A Python would also work just fine. Ships with smaller cargo capacity can also be used, it just takes longer and you make more trips.
Hope that helps.
Edit: Almost forgot, here's my Keelback core mining build, for comparison:
https://s.orbis.zone/4r1f
