I don't really have a problem with OP's suggestion per se, it ain't that bad. The way I understand it, it's just another layer of protection before the rebuy screen. Ultrasoftcore if you want... Or something like being downed in a team BR. As long as the CMDR is willing to wait in this disabled state and not do anything else in the game, he can be rescued by other players and avoid the rebuy. Cool, I guess. Could make for some epic rescues for people with lots of explo data, freshly farmed titan drive components etc.
The rest is just glazing on the top: how to make the ship stop, how to "give up" without existing to menu, how to exit to menu without exiting the disabled state, instance stuff etc.
Of course, we're talking here about mechanics like deceleration limpets or grapple hooks. that FDEV haven't bothered to implement for the current game state. So I don't really see this happening. But I have nothing against the idea itself...
Besides, in my headcanon, there's always a ship husk floating about when I get killed. How else would I be getting my engineered modules back at rebuy? The rescue rangers found them and towed them back to base, right? Too bad they can never find my blackbox. Anyway, it has to be the rescue rangers. Don't tell me Felicity Farseer has copies of my egineered FSD, which I deliberately painted mint green, in some underground bunker somewhere.